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Among the reasons, UN-Habitat lists unplanned urbanisation and inequality, but also something rarely counted as a housing problem: ",{"_key":285,"_type":17,"marks":286,"text":288},"f3ff2a6943c0",[287],"75298d5212b3","bureaucratic frameworks that make formal housing harder to deliver",{"_key":290,"_type":17,"marks":291,"text":292},"0b074eea72be",[],". When the rules move too slowly, people do not stop needing a home. They find another way, or they wait.",[294],{"_key":287,"_type":75,"externalUrl":295,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},"https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2026/05/wcr_2026.pdf",{"_key":297,"_type":13,"children":298,"markDefs":339,"style":38},"d83574cd057a",[299,303,308,312,317,321,326,330,335],{"_key":300,"_type":17,"marks":301,"text":302},"29e9ebff5626",[],"Waiting is the hidden cost of housing. Every home travels a long road, from plan to permit, from permit to construction, from an empty flat to the household that needs it, and time can be lost at every stage. In Cologne, ",{"_key":304,"_type":17,"marks":305,"text":307},"173290cd1fe2",[306],"a9529eefba6a","drawing up a development plan alone takes three to four years",{"_key":309,"_type":17,"marks":310,"text":311},"e87f6282bfb7",[]," on average. In Oslo, ",{"_key":313,"_type":17,"marks":314,"text":316},"5fad322dc788",[315],"91ad672657d0","around 12,400 homes already have approved plans",{"_key":318,"_type":17,"marks":319,"text":320},"941d065256d6",[]," but still lack a building application. In New York, ",{"_key":322,"_type":17,"marks":323,"text":325},"a97f30f38b0b",[324],"52fbd6c95ed3","more than 6,000 empty public housing apartments",{"_key":327,"_type":17,"marks":328,"text":329},"7364e0f8035d",[]," were waiting to be readied for new tenants in late 2025, and turning one around took almost a year on average. Delays like these are part of why ",{"_key":331,"_type":17,"marks":332,"text":334},"9786c1223f0c",[333],"7700703c47ce","the global housing shortfall grew from 251 million homes in 2010 to 288 million in 2023",{"_key":336,"_type":17,"marks":337,"text":338},"8a66871a08be",[],", even as vacant land and housing persist alongside unmet need.",[340,342,344,346],{"_key":306,"_type":75,"externalUrl":341,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},"https://www.stadt-koeln.de/politik-und-verwaltung/presse/mitteilungen/28287/index.html",{"_key":315,"_type":75,"externalUrl":343,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},"https://www.oslo.kommune.no/byutvikling/bolig-og-omradereserven/",{"_key":324,"_type":75,"externalUrl":345,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},"https://www.nyc.gov/assets/operations/downloads/pdf/pmmr2026/nycha.pdf",{"_key":333,"_type":75,"externalUrl":295,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},{"_type":348,"author":8,"bigTitle":78,"contained":136,"title":349},"projectBuilderQuote","«Waiting is the hidden cost of housing. The answer is not to lower standards, but to find where time is lost and win it back.»",{"_type":275,"content":351},[352,381],{"_key":353,"_type":13,"children":354,"markDefs":377,"style":38},"0b0ac4ee5f58",[355,359,364,368,373],{"_key":356,"_type":17,"marks":357,"text":358},"0579bf996046",[],"The answer is not to lower standards, but to find where time is lost and win it back. UN-Habitat points in that direction: ",{"_key":360,"_type":17,"marks":361,"text":363},"51f458a16b9e",[362],"373a49a320ad","the countries that expanded supply most successfully",{"_key":365,"_type":17,"marks":366,"text":367},"82df9c8120d1",[]," combined sustained investment with stronger planning institutions and more efficient regulation, while also improving the stock that already stands. The European Union is preparing ",{"_key":369,"_type":17,"marks":370,"text":372},"a59a5e581770",[371],"f1003e43dece","its own package to speed up both permitting and renovation",{"_key":374,"_type":17,"marks":375,"text":376},"9fcdaec2080a",[],".",[378,379],{"_key":362,"_type":75,"externalUrl":295,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},{"_key":371,"_type":75,"externalUrl":380,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},"https://housing.ec.europa.eu/european-affordable-housing-plan_en",{"_key":382,"_type":13,"children":383,"markDefs":388,"style":38},"69ba6788c66b",[384],{"_key":385,"_type":17,"marks":386,"text":387},"720b6c40e334",[],"The six cities in this chapter each work on a different stretch of that road. Cologne starts with the rules themselves and what they add to the cost of a home. Los Angeles has cut the permit to 60 days, Atlanta has built a new institution to move faster on public land, and New York has rewritten its zoning rulebook. Oslo shows the gap that remains between approval and construction, and Barcelona works on the final stretch, between residents and public housing. Speed is not the goal in itself, only the condition for homes to arrive while they are still needed.",[],{"_type":348,"author":8,"bigTitle":136,"contained":78,"title":390},"Los Angeles | United States",{"_type":275,"content":392},[393,406,468],{"_key":394,"_type":13,"children":395,"level":143,"listItem":404,"markDefs":405,"style":38},"874ade8d0e98",[396,400],{"_key":397,"_type":17,"marks":398,"text":399},"ebb8621f6d8f",[19],"What cities can learn:",{"_key":401,"_type":17,"marks":402,"text":403},"7fa922fcebff",[]," Time is a cost, and the permit is where a city controls it. 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Making it simple, clear and fully online to apply for public housing is part of housing policy, not an afterthought.",[],{"_key":897,"_type":13,"children":898,"markDefs":912,"style":38},"3e9b527f8a85",[899,903,908],{"_key":900,"_type":17,"marks":901,"text":902},"f0b885088f30",[],"In Barcelona, the city has turned its attention to the final stretch of the road: the one between residents and the public housing system. In June 2026, it ",{"_key":904,"_type":17,"marks":905,"text":907},"9bc5cec99644",[906],"00f246e0ff90","relaunched its housing website",{"_key":909,"_type":17,"marks":910,"text":911},"3989898aa6c1",[]," with a simpler structure and plainer language, and made registration for the city’s register of applicants for protected housing fully online. Its virtual assistant, HABOT 2.0, developed by the municipal technology and housing institutes, answers questions on rental rules, rental assistance and calls for protected housing using only official, validated sources, and reached an 85.49% acceptance rate in testing with users. The project is part of Barcelona Fàcil, the city’s plan to simplify administrative procedures. ●",[913],{"_key":906,"_type":75,"externalUrl":914,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},"https://www.barcelona.cat/infobarcelona/es/el-ayuntamiento-de-barcelona-renueva-el-entorno-digital-de-vivienda-con-una-nueva-web-y-la-evolucion-del-asistente-virtual-habot-2-0_1652890.html",{"_key":916,"_type":13,"children":917,"markDefs":929,"style":38},"8b85001cbbc1",[918,921,924],{"_key":919,"_type":17,"marks":920,"text":474},"f162e2f47270",[19],{"_key":922,"_type":17,"marks":923,"text":478},"fe0e4f40a4b1",[],{"_key":925,"_type":17,"marks":926,"text":928},"ca751ed9acb9",[927],"acedafe689f9","Ajuntament de Barcelona: new housing website and HABOT 2.0",[930],{"_key":927,"_type":75,"externalUrl":914,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":8,"title":8},{"_type":583,"gallery":932,"slider":136},{"allowLightbox":8,"caption":8,"images":933},[934,942],{"aspect":587,"asset":935,"caption":8,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"size":596},{"altText":8,"metadata":936,"originalFilename":940,"url":941},{"dimensions":937},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":938,"height":939,"width":175},0.7814407814407814,2457,"rockwell-branding-agency-erM00QZT-mI-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/0489b2e87fe90bb26d32ba2f223dbeb0120318f2-1920x2457.jpg",{"aspect":587,"asset":943,"caption":8,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"size":596},{"altText":8,"metadata":944,"originalFilename":946,"url":947},{"dimensions":945},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":591,"height":592,"width":593},"Barcelona1.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/d0bbe4d64e9d39bba86adc2ca708beb3bf55dfe8-1390x1720.jpg",{"_type":949,"text":950,"textColor":951,"title":8},"projectBuilderNote","This article is the second in a three-part series on housing by CitiesToBe, Anteverti’s urban think lab. Besides advising cities, governments and companies all over the world, Anteverti curates the inaugural edition of HOWS Barcelona | Housing World Summit, hosted by Barcelona City Council and organised by Fira Barcelona, taking place from 3 to 5 November 2026. Learn more at howssummit.com","grey","2026-10-29T10:59:56.071Z",{"ogdescription":954,"ogimage":955,"ogtitle":957},"Waiting is the hidden cost of housing. How 6 cities, from Los Angeles to Oslo, simplify rules, permits and procedures so new homes arrive in time.",{"asset":956},{"url":272},"Without Waiting Years: 6 Cities Rethinking Housing Through Simpler Processes",{"_type":95,"current":959},"without-waiting-years-6-cities-rethinking-housing-through-simpler-processes",{"relatedStories":961},[962,982,1020,1046],{"_id":963,"authors":8,"categories":8,"contributors":964,"featuredImage":970,"orderRank":978,"overlay":78,"slug":979,"title":981},"4e471797-3af4-41fd-8c11-1ddb55708634",[965],{"_id":966,"name":967,"role":8,"slug":968},"0bba2fa1-25ad-4502-8976-f5d95fe0a8ac","CitiesToBe Editorial Board",{"_type":95,"current":969},"citiestobe-editorial-board",{"asset":971,"crop":8,"hotspot":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":972,"originalFilename":976,"url":977},{"dimensions":973},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":974,"height":975,"width":207},0.8,1600,"DTS_Shadow_Tech_Fanette_Guilloud_Photos_ID9367 (1).jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/d4bfbe874125400775fbc08e12467f1a72376c64-1280x1600.jpg","0|06d2ru:",{"_type":95,"current":980},"whats-new-at-the-new-citiestobe","What's New at the New CitiesToBe? 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