[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":708},["ShallowReactive",2],{"globalSettings-all-langs-en":3,"loader-en":162,"universalPage-when-everyone-complies-and-no-one-is-responsible-hannah-arendt-urban-planning-en":220,"story-related-when-everyone-complies-and-no-one-is-responsible-hannah-arendt-urban-planning-en":564},{"address":4,"cookiesPolicyLink":5,"credits":8,"email":9,"error404Text":10,"gtmID":86,"legalLinks":8,"legalNav":87,"mainNav":110,"seo":8,"siteFavicon":138,"siteLogo":147,"siteTitle":148,"siteUrl":8,"socialLinks":149},"CitiesToBe is \nAnteverti's urban think lab\n\nAv. Diagonal 361\n08037 Barcelona | Spain\n\n(+34) 93 165 16 60",{"_id":6,"slug":7},"5380a158-4f98-40e1-803d-884c3a575e9c","cookies-policy",null,"citiestobe@anteverti.com",[11,23,30,39,47,54,62,79],{"_key":12,"_type":13,"children":14,"markDefs":21,"style":22},"33c56eaca737","block",[15],{"_key":16,"_type":17,"marks":18,"text":20},"35bab5aa4ec1","span",[19],"strong","Oops… ",[],"h1",{"_key":24,"_type":13,"children":25,"markDefs":29,"style":22},"4d653fc3ccba",[26],{"_key":16,"_type":17,"marks":27,"text":28},[19],"looks like you’ve taken\na wrong turn in the city!",[],{"_key":31,"_type":13,"children":32,"markDefs":37,"style":38},"cb300dbd2436",[33],{"_key":34,"_type":17,"marks":35,"text":36},"ba9956396c95",[],"",[],"normal",{"_key":40,"_type":13,"children":41,"markDefs":46,"style":38},"388621e23c93",[42],{"_key":43,"_type":17,"marks":44,"text":45},"87e1f85eb137",[],"***",[],{"_key":48,"_type":13,"children":49,"markDefs":53,"style":38},"2972f709d825",[50],{"_key":51,"_type":17,"marks":52,"text":36},"1d502c793abd",[],[],{"_key":55,"_type":13,"children":56,"markDefs":61,"style":38},"bfb9a55aa618",[57],{"_key":58,"_type":17,"marks":59,"text":60},"5c5d22feb490",[],"The page you’re looking for isn’t here anymore, ",[],{"_key":63,"_type":13,"children":64,"markDefs":73,"style":38},"bef8d4d3e138",[65,68],{"_key":58,"_type":17,"marks":66,"text":67},[],"but you can still head back to the ",{"_key":69,"_type":17,"marks":70,"text":72},"7de04b958a42",[71],"221102ec828e","Citiestobe homepage",[74],{"_key":71,"_type":75,"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":76,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},"link",{"_id":77,"_type":77,"slug":8},"homepage",true,{"_key":80,"_type":13,"children":81,"markDefs":85,"style":38},"078252385fa1",[82],{"_key":69,"_type":17,"marks":83,"text":84},[],"and start a new route from there.",[],"G-GM118R3ZBJ",{"items":88},[89,98,105],{"link":90,"text":97},{"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":91,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":92,"_type":93,"slug":94},"8cf385af-ef9d-478c-b78d-9b57baa7bedb","page",{"_type":95,"current":96},"slug","terms-and-conditions","Terms & Conditions",{"link":99,"text":104},{"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":100,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":101,"_type":93,"slug":102},"cde5c5d1-f198-420a-b287-e29bac9af078",{"_type":95,"current":103},"privacy-policy","Privacy Policy",{"link":106,"text":109},{"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":107,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":6,"_type":93,"slug":108},{"_type":95,"current":7},"Cookies Policy",{"items":111},[112,117,123,128,133],{"link":113,"text":116},{"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":114,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":115,"_type":115,"slug":8},"storiesArchive","Stories",{"link":118,"text":122},{"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":119,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":120,"_type":120,"slug":121},"about",{"_type":95,"current":120},"About",{"link":124,"text":127},{"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":125,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":126,"_type":126,"slug":8},"contributorsArchive","Contributors",{"link":129,"text":132},{"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":130,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":131,"_type":131,"slug":8},"editionsArchive","Photo Award",{"link":134,"text":137},{"externalUrl":135,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":136,"title":8},"#footer",false,"Subscribe",{"asset":139,"crop":8,"hotspot":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":140,"originalFilename":145,"url":146},{"dimensions":141},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":143,"height":144,"width":144},"sanity.imageDimensions",1,600,"CTBFavicon.svg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/c1ea44e962547a2b5ff6a06c5fcd4ebd8abb6f07-600x600.svg","\u003Csvg width=\"344\" height=\"61\" viewBox=\"0 0 344 61\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">\n\u003Cpath d=\"M19.7296 17.4895C28.7584 17.4895 35.3628 22.8643 37.1184 31.3105L30.8484 33.2727C29.9288 27.7273 25.7488 24.0587 19.7296 24.0587C12.0384 24.0587 6.68801 30.628 6.68801 38.5622C6.68801 43.2545 7.94201 47.0937 10.3664 50.0797C12.8744 52.9804 16.1348 54.4308 20.2312 54.4308C26.8356 54.4308 32.0188 49.9091 32.6876 43.3399L39.0412 44.7902C38.038 54.1748 30.096 61 20.3148 61C8.10921 61 0 51.786 0 39.3301C0 26.9594 7.94201 17.4895 19.7296 17.4895Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M42.9117 59.7203V18.7692H49.5997V59.7203H42.9117ZM46.2557 2.04755C48.8473 2.04755 51.0209 4.18042 51.0209 6.91049C51.0209 9.55525 48.8473 11.7734 46.2557 11.7734C43.5805 11.7734 41.4905 9.55525 41.4905 6.91049C41.4905 4.18042 43.5805 2.04755 46.2557 2.04755Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M52.7771 24.9119V18.7692H60.4683V6.31329H67.1563V18.7692H88.14V24.9119H67.1563V45.7287C67.1563 51.5301 70.1659 54.6867 75.2655 54.6867C80.2816 54.6867 83.2912 50.5916 82.9568 44.3636L89.4776 44.9608C89.9792 54.6867 83.7092 61 75.5164 61C66.2367 61 60.4683 55.1133 60.4683 45.558V24.9119H52.7771Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M93.928 59.7203V18.7692H100.616V59.7203H93.928ZM97.272 2.04755C99.8636 2.04755 102.037 4.18042 102.037 6.91049C102.037 9.55525 99.8636 11.7734 97.272 11.7734C94.5968 11.7734 92.5068 9.55525 92.5068 6.91049C92.5068 4.18042 94.5968 2.04755 97.272 2.04755Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M124.944 17.5748C135.729 17.5748 142.835 25.4238 142.835 36.6853V40.1832H111.735C112.321 49.0559 117.755 54.772 125.529 54.772C131.799 54.772 136.648 50.7622 137.568 44.3636L143.921 45.558C142.751 54.5161 134.893 61 125.529 61C113.407 61 105.298 51.786 105.298 39.3301C105.298 27.0448 113.24 17.5748 124.944 17.5748ZM112.07 34.3818H136.397C136.147 28.1538 131.632 23.6322 124.944 23.6322C118.507 23.6322 113.658 27.8979 112.07 34.3818Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M145.445 44.9608L152.05 43.6811C152.802 50.2503 157.149 54.6867 163.586 54.6867C169.355 54.6867 173.033 51.9566 173.033 47.9468C173.033 44.5343 170.274 42.2308 162.667 41.4629C152.886 40.4392 148.288 36.0028 148.288 28.9217C148.288 22.2671 154.641 17.4895 162.834 17.4895C170.191 17.4895 176.461 22.3524 178.133 30.1161L172.03 31.993C171.11 26.8741 167.516 23.8881 162.834 23.8881C158.236 23.8881 155.059 25.9357 155.059 28.9217C155.059 32.0783 157.316 34.1259 163.67 34.8084C174.371 35.9175 179.721 40.1832 179.721 47.7762C179.721 55.5399 173.033 61 163.586 61C153.972 61 147.034 54.5161 145.445 44.9608Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M178.894 24.9119V18.7692H186.585V6.31329H193.273V18.7692H214.257V24.9119H193.273V45.7287C193.273 51.5301 196.283 54.6867 201.382 54.6867C206.398 54.6867 209.408 50.5916 209.073 44.3636L215.594 44.9608C216.096 54.6867 209.826 61 201.633 61C192.353 61 186.585 55.1133 186.585 45.558V24.9119H178.894Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M237.62 17.4895C249.659 17.4895 258.186 27.1301 258.186 39.3301C258.186 51.5301 249.742 61 237.62 61C225.498 61 216.887 51.5301 216.887 39.3301C216.887 27.1301 225.498 17.4895 237.62 17.4895ZM237.537 54.4308C245.562 54.4308 251.498 48.1175 251.498 39.3301C251.498 30.5427 245.562 24.0587 237.537 24.0587C229.511 24.0587 223.575 30.5427 223.575 39.3301C223.575 47.9468 229.511 54.4308 237.537 54.4308Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M262.82 59.7203V0H269.508V25.0825C272.768 20.3049 277.784 17.4895 284.138 17.4895C295.173 17.4895 303.115 27.1301 303.115 39.3301C303.115 51.5301 295.173 61 284.138 61C277.701 61 272.768 58.2699 269.508 53.4923V59.7203H262.82ZM282.967 54.4308C290.826 54.4308 296.427 48.0322 296.427 39.3301C296.427 30.628 290.742 24.1441 282.967 24.1441C275.109 24.1441 269.508 30.628 269.508 39.3301C269.508 48.1175 275.109 54.4308 282.967 54.4308Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003Cpath d=\"M325.023 17.5748C335.807 17.5748 342.913 25.4238 342.913 36.6853V40.1832H311.814C312.399 49.0559 317.833 54.772 325.608 54.772C331.878 54.772 336.727 50.7622 337.646 44.3636L344 45.558C342.83 54.5161 334.971 61 325.608 61C313.486 61 305.377 51.786 305.377 39.3301C305.377 27.0448 313.319 17.5748 325.023 17.5748ZM312.148 34.3818H336.476C336.225 28.1538 331.711 23.6322 325.023 23.6322C318.586 23.6322 313.737 27.8979 312.148 34.3818Z\" fill=\"black\"/>\n\u003C/svg>\n","CitiesToBe",[150,153,156,159],{"title":151,"url":152},"Instagram","https://www.instagram.com/citiestobe",{"title":154,"url":155},"Linkedin","https://www.linkedin.com/company/anteverti",{"title":157,"url":158},"Youtube","https://www.youtube.com/@CitiesToBeByAnteverti",{"title":160,"url":161},"Spotify","https://open.spotify.com/user/anteverti?si=0eb8c1a2c5174b92",{"_id":163,"loader":164},"loaderScreen",{"enabled":78,"mainText":165,"slides":166},"is Anteverti’s urban think lab. A space for anyone passionate about (re)imagining more sustainable, fairer & vibrant urban futures.",[167,178,190,200,210],{"_key":168,"delay":143,"media":169},"ce7b2087420a28f4eaa9a08f19689a9a",{"asset":170,"autoplay":136,"caption":8,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":171,"originalFilename":176,"url":177},{"dimensions":172},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":173,"height":174,"width":175},1.6396242527754057,1171,1920,"tanya-prodaan-yKKumoQIDFk-unsplash (3).jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/8885b4258f2a649c48a56b8a7b812e789152937d-1920x1171.jpg",{"_key":179,"delay":180,"media":181},"79729c963b0ae76ed632c116081b2655",0.3,{"asset":182,"autoplay":136,"caption":8,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":183,"originalFilename":188,"url":189},{"dimensions":184},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":185,"height":186,"width":187},1.7674714104193139,787,1391,"heye-jensen-uVIpeJE9X9c-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/ba2bdb303e155b957933d71fda5afde9d1e60580-1391x787.jpg",{"_key":191,"delay":180,"media":192},"2d70841d7bdf",{"asset":193,"autoplay":136,"caption":8,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":194,"originalFilename":198,"url":199},{"dimensions":195},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":196,"height":197,"width":175},1.7679558011049723,1086,"taylor-heery-XHUxtHoK4c0-unsplash (1).jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/05451ee16b4697bc4c24be225ecd9fb99f8d60f3-1920x1086.jpg",{"_key":201,"delay":180,"media":202},"e252076c960a",{"asset":203,"autoplay":136,"caption":8,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":204,"originalFilename":208,"url":209},{"dimensions":205},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":206,"height":207,"width":175},1.5,1280,"alex-shuper-Or5sL1Cihj0-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/e246a4e3aa032c4a2cee6f551efb53db3679940a-1920x1280.jpg",{"_key":211,"delay":180,"media":212},"2361d7970e3661351204505138a785bb",{"asset":213,"autoplay":136,"caption":8,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":214,"originalFilename":218,"url":219},{"dimensions":215},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":216,"height":217,"width":175},1.3305613305613306,1443,"planet-volumes-E98gHvSdLdI-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/7e91de4adf7efc4019efa701353ee9bfd32d12fb-1920x1443.jpg",{"_id":221,"_type":222,"authors":8,"categories":223,"contributors":230,"credits":237,"featuredImage":247,"overlay":78,"projectBuilder":253,"publishedAt":555,"seo":556,"slug":561,"title":563},"0190a63d-7b8b-4df7-83f0-ecae2fbfa3e4","story",[224],{"_id":225,"color":226,"slug":227,"title":229},"3858fd34-8ad8-4fbc-aaef-0dfd5c8447af","#E2D1AB",{"_type":95,"current":228},"deep-dives","Deep Dives",[231],{"_id":232,"name":233,"role":234,"slug":235},"9dca81a1-c651-41c7-a16a-99b907de697c","Oscar Chamat-Nuñez ","Senior Urban Planner & Metropolitan Governance Specialist",{"_type":95,"current":236},"oscar-chamat-nunez",[238,241,244],{"content":239,"title":240},"Oscar Chamat-Nuñez, Senior Urban Planner and Metropolitan Governance Specialist","Authored by",{"content":242,"title":243}," from Spanish to English","This text is a translation",{"content":245,"title":246},"Basil Lade on Unsplash","Cover image by",{"asset":248,"crop":8,"hotspot":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":249,"originalFilename":251,"url":252},{"dimensions":250},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":206,"height":207,"width":175},"basil-lade-3-VpOS9b6zQ-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/bb047592dfdd47fad3c78409b70aa2b8ee3ece2e-1920x1280.jpg",[254,284,307,347,351,370,388,390,430,446,472,474,521,537],{"_type":255,"content":256},"projectBuilderTextContent",[257,276],{"_key":258,"_type":13,"children":259,"markDefs":273,"style":38},"9d540fe773a4",[260,264,269],{"_key":261,"_type":17,"marks":262,"text":263},"51ebfe8f5c41",[],"In the mid-twentieth century, ",{"_key":265,"_type":17,"marks":266,"text":268},"d0e5c53ecd77",[267],"690706ceb308","Hannah Arendt covered the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem for The New Yorker",{"_key":270,"_type":17,"marks":271,"text":272},"4d28bb7b6083",[],". Eichmann had been one of the principal architects of the Holocaust's logistical machinery. What began as a journalism assignment became one of the most influential texts in twentieth-century political thought. In her account, Arendt describes Eichmann not as an ideological fanatic but as a bureaucrat who claimed he had simply followed existing rules without questioning them. As she wrote, it was \"sheer thoughtlessness — something by no means identical with stupidity — that predisposed him to become one of the greatest criminals of that period.\"",[274],{"_key":267,"_type":75,"externalUrl":275,"internalLink":8,"isInternalLink":136,"title":8},"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1963/02/16/eichmann-in-jerusalem-i",{"_key":277,"_type":13,"children":278,"markDefs":283,"style":38},"915e28e0769e",[279],{"_key":280,"_type":17,"marks":281,"text":282},"82f0379f3252",[],"For urban planning, one of the most important lessons of Arendt's idea is that some problems do not reside solely in the rules themselves, but in the way we relate to them. The very rules that make coexistence possible can also allow people — without any intention of doing harm — to act against the very purpose for which those rules were created. The reason this happens is relatively straightforward: compliance replaces reflection on meaning. A very similar logic operates in cities today, where rules and plans are revised, approved and implemented as ends in themselves, rather than as instruments for transforming reality.",[],{"_type":285,"alignment":286,"aspect":287,"contained":8,"media":288,"size":306},"projectBuilderMedia","center","horizontal",{"asset":289,"autoplay":136,"caption":297,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":290,"originalFilename":295,"url":296},{"dimensions":291},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":292,"height":293,"width":294},1.492537313432836,1072,1600,"DTS_Misc_1_(Nick_Fancher)_Nick_Fancher_Photos_ID3528 (2).jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/97bd9fcac75bdb8f6a9cf5c5830186e746cdab3c-1600x1072.jpg",[298],{"_key":299,"_type":13,"children":300,"markDefs":305,"style":38},"8800e1d9708c",[301],{"_key":302,"_type":17,"marks":303,"text":304},"237a0f6bb364",[],"Image by Nick Fancher on Death To Stock",[],"smallMedium",{"_type":255,"content":308},[309,317,325],{"_key":310,"_type":13,"children":311,"markDefs":316,"style":22},"24722f05a20f",[312],{"_key":313,"_type":17,"marks":314,"text":315},"f9079d66b390",[],"The paradox of urban automatism",[],{"_key":318,"_type":13,"children":319,"markDefs":324,"style":38},"deb474a020a0",[320],{"_key":321,"_type":17,"marks":322,"text":323},"f2d4da495097",[],"Standing at any city intersection on a congested weekday afternoon makes this visible: a red pedestrian light, vehicles moving at 50 km/h carrying one or two occupants, a truck collecting glass, a van unloading deliveries. Each action, taken individually, complies with the rules. And yet something happens there that makes you want to leave as quickly as possible. That confluence of rule-following actors reveals what regulation rarely accounts for: what happens when everyone follows the rules, but no one stops to think about the effects — especially when many individually correct actions converge in the same place at the same time.",[],{"_key":326,"_type":13,"children":327,"markDefs":341,"style":38},"4f688f1f901d",[328,332,337],{"_key":329,"_type":17,"marks":330,"text":331},"76aaa48529c7",[],"This absence of reflection is not accidental. It is a direct consequence of what contemporary ",{"_key":333,"_type":17,"marks":334,"text":336},"9692eb891376",[335],"791ba1bbf3df","urban planning",{"_key":338,"_type":17,"marks":339,"text":340},"d5e9cdf22a71",[]," has done to city life. A great deal has been invested in minimising the need to make decisions, through rules and technologies designed to automate our choices. Traffic lights, urban highways, intelligent signalling systems: they order movement so that we do not have to think about it.",[342],{"_key":335,"_type":75,"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":343,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":344,"_type":222,"slug":345},"b055a0cd-7fa6-495b-87b7-90babbca3862",{"_type":95,"current":346},"genius-loci-the-part-of-a-city-that-cannot-be-scaled",{"_type":348,"author":349,"bigTitle":78,"contained":136,"title":350},"projectBuilderQuote","Oscar Chamat-Nuñez","«Arendt invites us to avoid the compliance that annuls reflection — because sometimes harm does not come from a conscious decision, but from thoughtless compliance.»",{"_type":285,"alignment":286,"aspect":8,"contained":8,"media":352,"size":369},{"asset":353,"autoplay":136,"caption":360,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":354,"originalFilename":358,"url":359},{"dimensions":355},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":356,"height":357,"width":294},1.5080113100848256,1061,"DTS_Sustainability_Mackenzie_Freemire_Photos_ID4015 (4).jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/5f9f09808d333d514f04d955d15f9b30184e95bd-1600x1061.jpg",[361],{"_key":362,"_type":13,"children":363,"markDefs":368,"style":38},"b9cf279c8fb9",[364],{"_key":365,"_type":17,"marks":366,"text":367},"a00857b859d2",[],"Image by Mackenzie Freemire on Death To Stock",[],"full",{"_type":255,"content":371},[372,380],{"_key":373,"_type":13,"children":374,"markDefs":379,"style":38},"48badad7418e",[375],{"_key":376,"_type":17,"marks":377,"text":378},"535fd06dc306",[],"This is not to say that automatisms are harmful. On the contrary, as cities grow in complexity and scale, they become indispensable to urban life. Without them, chaos would be inevitable. But here lies a paradox of the contemporary city: the more we depend on mechanisms that invite us not to think, the harder it becomes to know who is accountable for their consequences.",[],{"_key":381,"_type":13,"children":382,"markDefs":387,"style":38},"c28e2396a2c2",[383],{"_key":384,"_type":17,"marks":385,"text":386},"61edc2b59548",[],"And this is precisely where Arendt's insight becomes essential. When a system only measures compliance with the rule, it struggles to see its unintended effects. If rules are designed, followed and monitored as routine, unexpected harm becomes invisible both to those who implement them and to those who evaluate them. This is one of the central lessons of the banality of evil: sometimes harm does not come from a conscious decision, but from thoughtless compliance. And when that happens, everything appears normal — even when it perhaps is not.",[],{"_type":348,"author":349,"bigTitle":78,"contained":136,"title":389},"«When a system only measures compliance with the rule, it struggles to see its unintended effects.»",{"_type":255,"content":391},[392,400,408],{"_key":393,"_type":13,"children":394,"markDefs":399,"style":22},"c75396b2706c",[395],{"_key":396,"_type":17,"marks":397,"text":398},"1be2dc76fff7",[],"Privileges that look like rights",[],{"_key":401,"_type":13,"children":402,"markDefs":407,"style":38},"542a06ceb932",[403],{"_key":404,"_type":17,"marks":405,"text":406},"e7b20b0e34d1",[],"There are privileges we do not see. Driving a private vehicle in a city is a recognised right — but it is also something not everyone can do, something that occupies finite space, generates noise and pollution. The driver moving at 50 km/h along a central street is doing something the law permits. At the same time, without perhaps being aware of it, they are occupying space that could be used in other ways. Their green light has an impact on pedestrians' time. Because the law permits it, the privilege is assumed to be a right, and almost no one questions it.",[],{"_key":409,"_type":13,"children":410,"markDefs":424,"style":38},"4b299f016cc7",[411,415,420],{"_key":412,"_type":17,"marks":413,"text":414},"10f48167fb18",[],"But what happens when the rule changes under specific circumstances? When a pollution episode activates a ",{"_key":416,"_type":17,"marks":417,"text":419},"a858d51f8baf",[418],"444f6de990b1","Low Emission Zone",{"_key":421,"_type":17,"marks":422,"text":423},"bfbfe7b649ee",[],", some vehicles are prohibited from circulating. In that moment, something shifts: a right that seemed absolute becomes relative. The privilege of driving becomes limited, temporary, dependent on conditions outside individual control.",[425],{"_key":418,"_type":75,"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":426,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":427,"_type":222,"slug":428},"ffc6b69c-6b76-44ed-a1ef-9b49de685448",{"_type":95,"current":429},"rethinking-mobility-for-a-new-urban-order",{"_type":285,"alignment":286,"aspect":8,"contained":8,"media":431,"size":306},{"asset":432,"autoplay":136,"caption":439,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":433,"originalFilename":437,"url":438},{"dimensions":434},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":435,"height":436,"width":175},1.471264367816092,1305,"christian-lue-kJEweuMwoBM-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/e628ef370ffbf0b166bcfc6e677ccdb94247874b-1920x1305.jpg",[440],{"_key":362,"_type":13,"children":441,"markDefs":445,"style":38},[442],{"_key":365,"_type":17,"marks":443,"text":444},[],"Image by Christian Lue on Unsplash",[],{"_type":255,"content":447},[448,456,464],{"_key":449,"_type":13,"children":450,"markDefs":455,"style":38},"355fdd663c72",[451],{"_key":452,"_type":17,"marks":453,"text":454},"4a25008cf72c",[],"This forces a moment of reflection — not because someone has issued a moral appeal, but because the context changed. The right to drive still exists, but it is now selective. Some can, others cannot. In that difference, reflection re-emerges. The driver who can circulate knows they are an exception. The one who cannot discovers something previously invisible: that what they considered a normal right was a privilege the city can revoke.",[],{"_key":457,"_type":13,"children":458,"markDefs":463,"style":38},"ad5d1a23b846",[459],{"_key":460,"_type":17,"marks":461,"text":462},"3f224c299579",[],"Speed in dense urban environments is another case. Its logic is to minimise travel times by car — but it is not a neutral variable: it increases the severity of pedestrian accidents, amplifies noise, reinforces barrier effects, and alters the quality of life for those who live, walk or work along those streets.",[],{"_key":465,"_type":13,"children":466,"markDefs":471,"style":38},"1b133db154f5",[467],{"_key":468,"_type":17,"marks":469,"text":470},"b07371939c80",[],"Calle Aragó in Barcelona, Teheran-ro in Seoul and Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico City all cross areas of high pedestrian and commercial density with speed limits of 50 km/h along much of their length. In those cities, the rules, the road geometry and the signal coordination invite drivers to move at that speed. A driver who respects the limit has no reason to reflect on the invisible consequences: they are following the rules, and that is enough. Compliance becomes sufficient justification for thinking no further.",[],{"_type":348,"author":349,"bigTitle":78,"contained":136,"title":473},"«What we measure is what we see. And what we do not measure, definitively, does not exist.»",{"_type":255,"content":475},[476,484,505,513],{"_key":477,"_type":13,"children":478,"markDefs":483,"style":22},"88ba0b5e4624",[479],{"_key":480,"_type":17,"marks":481,"text":482},"421ff373f3fa",[],"Neither Blind Automatism nor Constant Reflection",[],{"_key":485,"_type":13,"children":486,"markDefs":500,"style":38},"56cfcf9092a7",[487,491,496],{"_key":488,"_type":17,"marks":489,"text":490},"e80ab3c15df3",[],"This is more complex, however. Looked at through Arendt's lens, the conclusion would not be to eliminate automatisms, or to assume that ",{"_key":492,"_type":17,"marks":493,"text":495},"9ae869b34996",[494],"9b08dae0957e","reflection",{"_key":497,"_type":17,"marks":498,"text":499},"729e633db45a",[]," always produces better outcomes. The framework her thinking offers is richer and more nuanced: it points towards strategies that prevent mechanical rule-following from concealing invisible harms, normalising them, or providing justification for them.",[501],{"_key":494,"_type":75,"externalUrl":8,"internalLink":502,"isInternalLink":78,"title":8},{"_id":232,"_type":503,"slug":504},"contributor",{"_type":95,"current":236},{"_key":506,"_type":13,"children":507,"markDefs":512,"style":38},"13f7de5ee597",[508],{"_key":509,"_type":17,"marks":510,"text":511},"90827dff48c2",[],"What does it mean to design cities where reflection — on design, compliance and evaluation — is present in the right measure? What does it take to ensure that privileges are recognised as such, rather than becoming, through inertia, assumed rights? Three elements are fundamental: acknowledging that automatisms are necessary; understanding that not every failure is solved by adding new rules; and incorporating regular review cycles into the structure of rules themselves, with clear criteria and verifiable data.",[],{"_key":514,"_type":13,"children":515,"markDefs":520,"style":38},"7fdb61d2eb8c",[516],{"_key":517,"_type":17,"marks":518,"text":519},"87b23d3bb3f6",[],"Many cities already dynamically adjust speed limits, parking spaces or circulation restrictions. What matters is not simply that these changes exist, but whether they form part of a system capable of learning from its own effects. Too often, review mechanisms are designed reactively — after a crisis has already occurred. What would be genuinely valuable is a systematic approach: frequent reviews, clear criteria, small adjustments that allow the city's behaviour and its rules to adapt to each other continuously. Constant and efficient learning cycles where the evident coexists with the possible, without waiting for the problem to become unsustainable.",[],{"_type":285,"alignment":286,"aspect":8,"contained":8,"media":522,"size":369},{"asset":523,"autoplay":136,"caption":530,"crop":8,"hotspot":8,"videoType":8,"videoUrl":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":524,"originalFilename":528,"url":529},{"dimensions":525},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":526,"height":527,"width":175},1.400437636761488,1371,"katelyn-perry-gInzplb_r64-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/df27cbb678b077e960e79f0efb5a0045fe8d7126-1920x1371.jpg",[531],{"_key":362,"_type":13,"children":532,"markDefs":536,"style":38},[533],{"_key":365,"_type":17,"marks":534,"text":535},[],"Image by Katelyn Perry on Unsplash",[],{"_type":255,"content":538},[539,547],{"_key":540,"_type":13,"children":541,"markDefs":546,"style":38},"503784953cce",[542],{"_key":543,"_type":17,"marks":544,"text":545},"e92c5de29561",[],"But that same cycle can fall into the trap it tries to resolve. A review that happens when planning dictates — rather than when it is needed — is itself another automatism: it fulfils its function while ceasing to think about its purpose. This is precisely what Arendt invites us to avoid: compliance that annuls reflection. Yet constant reflection on the design and monitoring of every rule is equally impossible. Perhaps it is enough for reflection to occur when it matters — when the city has already changed and the rules have not yet caught up.",[],{"_key":548,"_type":13,"children":549,"markDefs":554,"style":38},"7af4bee84146",[550],{"_key":551,"_type":17,"marks":552,"text":553},"7f18c84acb35",[],"Knowing when it matters depends, in large part, on what we measure. Accident rates and pollution levels have clear indicators; the time lost by someone walking and waiting at a pedestrian light almost never does, or is rarely used. Any revision of the rules risks seeing only what its indicators point to. The question, then, is not only when to revise the rule, but with what tools we do so. Because what we measure is what we see. And what we do not measure, definitively, does not exist. ●",[],"2026-09-15T16:40:00.000+02:00",{"ogdescription":557,"ogimage":558,"ogtitle":560},"What does Hannah Arendt's banality of evil have to do with urban planning? When compliance replaces reflection, harm becomes invisible. By Oscar Chamat-Nuñez.",{"asset":559},{"url":438},"When Everyone Complies and No One Is Responsible: Hannah Arendt on Urban Planning | CitiesToBe",{"_type":95,"current":562},"when-everyone-complies-and-no-one-is-responsible-hannah-arendt-urban-planning","When Everyone Complies and No One Is Responsible: What Hannah Arendt Tells Us About Urban Planning",{"relatedStories":565},[566,585,631,680],{"_id":567,"authors":8,"categories":8,"contributors":568,"featuredImage":574,"orderRank":581,"overlay":78,"slug":582,"title":584},"4e471797-3af4-41fd-8c11-1ddb55708634",[569],{"_id":570,"name":571,"role":8,"slug":572},"0bba2fa1-25ad-4502-8976-f5d95fe0a8ac","CitiesToBe Editorial Board",{"_type":95,"current":573},"citiestobe-editorial-board",{"asset":575,"crop":8,"hotspot":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":576,"originalFilename":579,"url":580},{"dimensions":577},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":578,"height":294,"width":207},0.8,"DTS_Shadow_Tech_Fanette_Guilloud_Photos_ID9367 (1).jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/d4bfbe874125400775fbc08e12467f1a72376c64-1280x1600.jpg","0|06d2ru:",{"_type":95,"current":583},"whats-new-at-the-new-citiestobe","What's New at the New CitiesToBe? ",{"_id":586,"authors":8,"categories":587,"contributors":612,"featuredImage":619,"orderRank":627,"overlay":78,"slug":628,"title":630},"37477051-2d0a-4a9e-86bb-a1888c92c710",[588,594,600,606],{"_id":589,"color":590,"slug":591,"title":593},"ab7e61d4-56ec-4ffb-9da3-d70bfe4b2a18","#FF6C00",{"_type":95,"current":592},"trends","Trends",{"_id":595,"color":596,"slug":597,"title":599},"eeec6fd6-f657-4663-95dc-803ccd89d6e6","#FFB9FF",{"_type":95,"current":598},"know-how","Know-how",{"_id":601,"color":602,"slug":603,"title":605},"5168d7f5-ef29-4946-9795-a8f96ee20d84","#FFFA80",{"_type":95,"current":604},"mapping-innovation","Mapping Innovation",{"_id":607,"color":608,"slug":609,"title":611},"2311b36b-2f38-4698-b6a3-2064aba8a479","#396915",{"_type":95,"current":610},"conversations","Conversations",[613],{"_id":614,"name":615,"role":616,"slug":617},"26af608b-5a26-450b-8e01-96c0ec7ffae6","Sergio García i Rodríguez","Editor-in-Chief of Citiestobe and Head of Communication & Place Narratives at Anteverti",{"_type":95,"current":618},"sergio-garcia-rodriguez",{"asset":620,"crop":8,"hotspot":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":621,"originalFilename":625,"url":626},{"dimensions":622},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":623,"height":624,"width":175},1.588089330024814,1209,"roy-tsong-FHN-AO9w0cA-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/19af891a6546f7317cfdb9157a52a722cfedc651-1920x1209.jpg","0|00ms41:",{"_type":95,"current":629},"beyond-books-and-shelves-four-cities-reimagining-the-public-library-and-public-life","Beyond Books and Shelves: Four Cities Reimagining the Public Library — and Public Life",{"_id":632,"authors":8,"categories":633,"contributors":648,"featuredImage":655,"orderRank":676,"overlay":78,"slug":677,"title":679},"6a18e229-b6ac-4045-94e2-8594bc2ff6fc",[634,640,646],{"_id":635,"color":636,"slug":637,"title":639},"a13a8dfd-f35f-4bf7-b4ed-1d00d7a82bd2","#A6FFB2",{"_type":95,"current":638},"urban-inspo","Urban Inspo",{"_id":641,"color":642,"slug":643,"title":645},"7a817347-ec24-4805-8f6b-4d7be72f8af2","#942200",{"_type":95,"current":644},"in-images","In Images",{"_id":607,"color":608,"slug":647,"title":611},{"_type":95,"current":610},[649],{"_id":650,"name":651,"role":652,"slug":653},"264e8016-1b35-47a9-ac93-4a3102ea41a6","Maru Godàs","Artist, illustrator and urban sketcher",{"_type":95,"current":654},"maru-godas",{"asset":656,"crop":664,"hotspot":670},{"altText":8,"metadata":657,"originalFilename":662,"url":663},{"dimensions":658},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":659,"height":660,"width":661},0.75,2500,1875,"MaruGodàs_12 copia 3.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/c9811d9fe910a20d364c304e6129162636c64b96-1875x2500.jpg",{"_type":665,"bottom":666,"left":667,"right":668,"top":669},"sanity.imageCrop",0.1566829310795504,0,0.06887872082214823,0.34806569661061254,{"_type":671,"height":672,"width":673,"x":674,"y":675},"sanity.imageHotspot",0.495251372309837,0.9311212791778518,0.4655606395889259,0.595691382765531,"0|00k8z7:k",{"_type":95,"current":678},"maru-godas-urban-sketchers","«Urban sketching is a form of love towards the city, to things that are not perfect»",{"_id":681,"authors":8,"categories":682,"contributors":689,"featuredImage":696,"orderRank":704,"overlay":78,"slug":705,"title":707},"975a781c-0e9e-449c-8748-f6a4dd4a06ce",[683,685,687],{"_id":225,"color":226,"slug":684,"title":229},{"_type":95,"current":228},{"_id":601,"color":602,"slug":686,"title":605},{"_type":95,"current":604},{"_id":595,"color":596,"slug":688,"title":599},{"_type":95,"current":598},[690],{"_id":691,"name":692,"role":693,"slug":694},"9939ee48-3c5a-45f3-ad9f-9887171ce2d8","Anh Nguyen","Urban Innovation Fellow at Cornell Tech within the New York City Department of Environmental Protection",{"_type":95,"current":695},"anh-nguyen",{"asset":697,"crop":8,"hotspot":8},{"altText":8,"metadata":698,"originalFilename":702,"url":703},{"dimensions":699},{"_type":142,"aspectRatio":700,"height":701,"width":175},1.3351877607788596,1438,"daniel-mirlea-tNMGA7qqKaI-unsplash.jpg","https://cdn.sanity.io/images/aj6e31np/production/b27a775ac27917eccc74dc7e803a2d2a9c0ca524-1920x1438.jpg","0|00k8za:i",{"_type":95,"current":706},"the-infrastructure-you-never-think-about","The Infrastructure You Never Think About",1790601554809]